Periodontal Treatment

The area of dentistry known as periodontology looks at thehard and soft tissues that support the teeth, as well as the disorders thatmight affect them and how to treat them. The alveolar bone in which the teethare located is not connected to it. The connection between teeth and bone ismade by fibrous tissues. These features allow the force applied to the teeth tobe softened and transferred to the jawbone. Together with the bone and gingivathat cover these fibrous structures, the entire cementum that surrounds theroot surface creates periodontal tissues.

The gingiva of healthy people has a coral pink color and afirm, rigid texture. Healthy gingiva has features in its lower layer thatresemble dot-by-dot indentations and protrusions when you look at it carefully.Its surface is smooth, nevertheless. The healthy gum forms a collar-like shapearound the tooth but is not affixed to it at the edge. This place has a groovethat is entirely natural.

In the periodontal tissues around the teeth, gum disordersdevelop. Gum diseases are bacterial infections that are persistent andtypically painless. These are serious illnesses that can occasionally developfor years without showing any signs. If left untreated, they can result intooth loss without any discomfort or decay. One tooth, a few teeth, the entiremouth, or even none of the teeth can be impacted by gum disease.

Plaque containing bacteria is mostly what causes gumdisorders. By assembling on the meal remnants still in the mouth, bacterialplaque causes gum irritation. While the initial stage of this inflammation onlyaffects the gingiva, if left untreated, it can spread to the alveolar bonebeneath and worsen the problem.

How is periodontal therapy administered?

The course of a person's periodontal disease will determinehow their periodontal treatment (also known as gum disease treatment) isplanned. For this reason, a panoramic x-ray of the patient is taken, and alongwith an intraoral examination, the state of the muscles and joints, the gums,closure, relationships of the teeth with one another, and most significantly,the pockets of the teeth are assessed. A therapy plan is created based on theseexaminations. The basic goal of periodontal therapy is to reduce pocket depth.The patient's adoption of the recommended care approach, frequent attendance,and maintenance of control appointments are just as important as the treatmentitself in determining the success of periodontal therapy.

Depending on the severity of the condition, severalperiodontal treatment options are chosen. These therapies include;

Tooth Surfacecleaning

Only those with gingivitis may get by with tooth surfacecleaning (also known as scaling cleaning). There is no set amount of time forbrushing teeth. Because it can change depending on the person's care and thegum disease's severity. The most regulated form of treatment for persons withperiodontal disease is cleaning at intervals advised by the periodontist who istreating the patient. The less calculus buildup that builds up in the mouthover time—especially if it can be stopped before any harm is done—the less harmwill be done.

Curettage

Curettage, also known as root surface straightening, isperformed on patients who have deposits on their root surfaces as well as boneloss. With the use of specialized hand tools (periodontal curette), theresidues that formed on the root surface during curettage are scraped andeliminated. As a result, the healthy root surface and gingiva come into contactwith one another and bond. The length of these operations' sessions variesdepending on the person's health. It can be completed in a single session orextended up to five or six sessions. The doctor decides whether to hold thesession.

Flap operation

Surgical intervention may be necessary toremove pockets that are resistant to root surface straightening (curettage) andtooth surface cleaning. The gums around the teeth are opened during a flapoperation, the debris in the deep pockets is cleaned, the entire root surfaceis straightened, and the gum is then stitched back into place. Bone gain can betried with bone powder (bone graft), membrane application, or enamel matrixprotein applications during the flap operation, especially if intraosseouspockets or locations that are likely to produce bone are found.

Gingivectomy - Gingivoplasty

Genetic factors ordrug-induced inflammation can cause gingival hypertrophy. Only the expandinggingiva can be removed surgically under local anesthetic in the event thatthere is no bone loss accompanying gingival growth, allowing the gingiva to bereturned to normal size. If the gum and the bone beneath need to be moved, itmay be required in some circumstances to use additional surgical techniques.The primary goal of these gingivectomy or gingivoplasty treatments is often tomake the pockets shallow. However, these procedures are also gummy. They can beperformed for cosmetic purposes in situations like smile (gum smile).

Crown Lengthening Operation

Gingivectomy-gingivoplastytechniques are actually applied during a crown lengthening operation for avariety of reasons. This procedure aims to make more of the tooth visible inthe mouth for a variety of reasons. The gingiva can be opened to expand thedistance and offer the space needed for the new restoration in cases where thefracture does not proceed to the root surface or when the caries of the teethremain under the gingiva as they progress.

Gum Grafts

There are two types of periodontal transplant procedures:soft tissue grafts and hard tissue grafts.

Soft tissue grafts

When gingival recessions and thickeningof the gingival phenotypic are present, soft tissue grafts are very useful.Thin gingival pheotypes can be genetically predisposed as well as caused by avariety of medications. Gingival recessions can be caused by gum disease, poororal hygiene, or anatomical factors. Soft tissue from a healthy portion of themouth—typically the palate region—is transferred to the area with recessionduring the placement of soft tissue transplants. It can be used to protectteeth as well as for aesthetic reasons.

Hard tissue grafts

If the criteria are met and there isgingival recession or just bone resorption, a treatment known as hard tissueaugmentation can be used to apply bone powder or a bone graft obtained from adifferent portion of the patient.